Outcome+Based+Curriculum

"Outcome-based education means starting with a clear picture of what is important for **students to be able to do**, then organising the curriculum, instruction, and assessment to make sure that this learning ultimately happens." Spady, 1994)  Learning outcomes encompass a) What students should **know / understand.** b) What students should **be able to do.** c) What students should **be like.
 * 1) Starting with clarifying the **//outcomes//** that students are to achieve.
 * 2) Then organising the curriculum, instruction, and assessment.

SOLO Taxonomy:** The model consists of 5 levels of understanding  Curriculum Mapping (for Outcome Based Learning) • Provides an OVERVIEW of the extent to which each programme outcome is taught and assessed. • Allows gaps (e.g. under-addressed outcomes) and other problems (e.g. over-represented outcomes) to be identified and adjustments made.
 * **Pre-structural ** - The task is not attacked appropriately; the student hasn’t really understood the point and uses too simple a way of going about it.
 * **Uni-structural ** - The students response only focus on one relevant aspect eg. Identify, Follow simple procedure.
 * **Multi-structural ** - The students response focus on several relevant aspects but they are treated independently and additively. Assessment of this level is primarily quantitative eg. Combine, Enumerate, Describe, List & Perform serial skills.
 * **Relational ** - The different aspects have become integrated into a coherent whole. This level is what is normally meant by an adequate understanding of some topic. eg. Analyse, Apply, Argue, Compare/Contrast, Explain causes, Relate & Justify.
 * **Extended abstract ** - The previous integrated whole may be conceptualised at a higher level of abstraction and generalised to a new topic or area eg. Create, Formulate, Generate, Hypothesise, Reflect & Theorize.


 * A Change Needed:**
 * Old Approach:** **A** **//teacher’s perspective// -** input from **teacher** and what the teacher //plans// to do. Planning with reference to what **//content to teach//**.
 * New Approach**: A **//student’s perspective//**, concerning output of students & what the students will do.